La relación de discrepancia y coincidencia de las causas de muerte entre el diagnóstico clínico y anatomopatológico constituye de forma indirecta un indicador de calidad de la atención médica. Son múltiples los ejemplos de enfermedades descubiertas o esclarecidas gracias a la autopsia, que tiene en la correlación clinicopatológica un basamento fundamental. Se estableció como objetivo de investigación describir los principales vínculos históricos entre las especialidades de medicina interna y anatomía patológica, que tienen como enlace esencial la correlación clínico patológica, atendiendo (...) a que no puede existir contradicción antagónica entre enfermo y enfermedad; la medicina interna y la anatomía patológica no pueden verse aisladas ni separadas. The difference and similarity relationship of death causes between the clinical and anatomy-pathological diagnosis is, indirectly, a medical care quality indicator. Thanks to autopsy, which has the clinical-pathological correlation as a main basis, numerous diseases have been discovered or clarified. Discovering the main historical relations between Internal Medicine and Pathological Anatomy specialties was established as the objective of the research. These specialties have the clinical-pathological correlation as a main link, taking into account that there cannot be a conflicting contradiction between the sick and the disease; Internal Medicine and Pathological Anatomy cannot be seen in an isolated or separate way. (shrink)

El artículo trata de aplicar las concepciones gramscianas al estudio de la primera constitución española. En el análisis se observan cuestiones relacionadas con la educación y los grupos hegemónicos intentando aportar nuevos datos tras la interpretación.

In the last decades, the evidence-based approach has become dominant in the biomedical sciences. Its influence has extended from clinical practice to other areas such as drug regulation and public health. Nonetheless, given the limitations of the evidence-based framework, a more pluralist approach towards evidence has been demanded. In this sense, evidential pluralism holds that evidence of mechanisms should complement statistical evidence. This paper aims to explore and discuss the prospects of evidential pluralism in public health. First, we will analyse (...) the evidential standards of the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Those standards are argued to be in line with the pluralist approach. Second, we will consider the main challenges for gathering evidence of mechanisms in public health. For that purpose, diverse types of evidence of mechanisms will be identified. And third, we will assess the role of agent-based models as mechanistic studies. Based on a case study, we will discuss whether agent-based models can provide evidence of mechanisms and mitigate the abovementioned challenges. (shrink)

In this paper, I defend a non-mechanistic interpretation of Kant's philosophy of nature. My interpretation contradicts the robust tradition of reading Kant as a mechanist about nature – or as someone who endorses the view that we can know the internally purposive causality characteristic of organisms has no place in nature. By attending closely to Kant's remarks about the possibility of internal purposiveness in nature and to key premises from Kant's arguments in the Antinomy of Teleological Judgment, we shall see (...) that it is not only plausible, but preferable, to believe that internally purposive things (i.e., organisms) exist in nature. Making room for such a belief leaves Kant with a philosophy of nature that simultaneously aligns with and surpasses the philosophies of nature offered up by his Early Modern predecessors. (shrink)

Brings together a range of practitioners and academics from the world of business who examine corporate social responsibility in policy and practice in a series of case studies from across the globe.

El Real Instituto y Observatorio de la Armada de San Fernando, fundado en Cádiz en 1753, es una institución científica que, a lo largo de más de dos siglos, ha reunido un importante patrimonio cultural e histórico, del que forma parte la colección de instrumentos científicos a la que se refiere este articulo. Tras un capítulo introductorio sobre el origen y las misiones de la institución, se estudia la evolución histórica de la adquisición de los principales instrumentos del Observatorio durante (...) los siglos XVIII, XIX y XX. Por último, se describen las características y organización de la exposición de instrumentos instalada en el edificio principal del Real Observatorio de la Armada, y se incluye un apéndice con la relación de instrumentos expuestos ordenados alfabéticamente. (shrink)

Are norms of inquiry in tension with epistemic norms? I provide a (largely) negative answer, turning to a picture of epistemic practices as rule-governed games. The idea is that, while epistemic norms are correctness standards for the attitudes involved in epistemic games, norms of inquiry derive from the aims of those games. Attitudes that, despite being epistemically correct, are inadvisable regarding the goals of some inquiry are just like bad (but legal) moves in basketball or chess. I further consider cases (...) in which the aims of inquiry recommend breaking epistemic norms. I compare them to strategic infractions, which are common in many coherent games. Finally, I explore the connections between rules and aims in games and in inquiry. I show that in both cases respecting the rules is constitutively required for satisfying the aims of the practice. (shrink)

Discussions about the evolution of human social cognition usually portray the social environment of early hominins as highly hierarchical and violent. In this evolutionary narrative, our propensity for violence was overcome in our lineage by an increase in our intellectual capacities. However, I will argue in this article that we are at least equally justified in believing that our early hominin ancestors were less aggressive and hierarchical than is suggested in these models. This view is consistent with the available comparative (...) and palaeoanthropological evidence. I will show that this alternative model not only does not support long-held views of human origins, but also has important consequences for debates about the evolution of our capacity for normative guidance. _1_ Introduction _2_ Philosophical Motivation _3_ The Puzzle of Hominin Evolution _4_ The Mosaic Hypothesis _5_ Evidence for the Model _6_ Palaeoanthropological Support _7_ Philosophical Consequences. (shrink)

La tendencia natural de identificar complejidad con algo complicado y confuso, es una forma también natural de simplificar las redes complejas del fenómeno del conocimiento y de los saberes. En este artículo se presentan las orientaciones y puntos de partida del pensamiento complejo en la perspectiv..

We seek in this work to make a succinct exposition of the keys of the modal ontology of Leibniz, showing their connection with other modern thinkers; and also to take out to the light some of the problems that the modal metaphysics of Leibniz, in particular about the existential judgment.

Reconocida especialista en el tema, la Dra. Mónica Gordillo accedió a conversar con nosotras a propósito del 50 aniversario del Cordobazo, a pocos días de finalizadas las Jornadas que con el mismo motivo, y bajo su impulso, se celebraron en la ciudad de Córdoba en el mes de mayo de este año.

[Recipient of the 2024 Inter-American Philosophy Award] Philosophers have recently debated whether the social identity category "Latinx" picks out a race (Alcoff 2006), an ethnicity (Gracia 2008), or something else altogether (Arango and Burgos 2021). Rather than defending one or several of these ways of understanding US Latinx as a political or social group, my paper focuses on the personal social identity turmoil young US Latinx people feel and explores the history of inter-American thought to seek a remedy for it. (...) Three prominent American philosophers – José Martí, Alain Locke, and Emilio Uranga – combine to teach us that, while the US Latinx strives for belonging, they find themselves in a situation of unbelonging. The tension that results from the desire to belong but the reality of unbelonging produces a deep-seated anxiety that has come to characterize the US Latinx condition. I suggest that an effective tool for coping with this anxiety, affirming our identity, and building community is the activity of doing inter-American, Latin American, and Latinx Philosophy. (shrink)

El Realismo Especulativo, Nuevo Realismo o Realismo Postcontinental es una corriente ecléctica que viene a superar las aporías e insuficiencias de la filosofía continental desde una perspectiva a la que se le podrían achacar los mismos problemas que la perspectiva idealista y constructivista de los filósofos continentales. Para el desarrollo de la filosofía es importante entablar conversación los autores de este movimiento. En el presente artículo se presenta una aproximación a los aciertos e insuficiencias de las ontologías de dos autores (...) de la corriente como son Markus Gabriel y Graham Harman. Se presentan los aciertos e insuficiencias del realismo neutro de Markus Gabriel y de la Ontología Orientada a los Objetos, en este orden. En el último epígrafe, a modo de conclusiones, se señalan los puntos en común de las ontologías y se aporta la idea de acontecimiento como línea de investigación que supere las aporías que emergen de la contraposición entre el idealismo y realismo. (shrink)

We study possible Scott sentence complexities of linear orderings using two approaches. First, we investigate the effect of the Friedman–Stanley embedding on Scott sentence complexity and show that it only preserves $\Pi ^{\mathrm {in}}_{\alpha }$ complexities. We then take a more direct approach and exhibit linear orderings of all Scott sentence complexities except $\Sigma ^{\mathrm {in}}_{3}$ and $\Sigma ^{\mathrm {in}}_{\lambda +1}$ for $\lambda $ a limit ordinal. We show that the former cannot be the Scott sentence complexity of a linear (...) ordering. In the process we develop new techniques which appear to be helpful to calculate the Scott sentence complexities of structures. (shrink)

The debate over judicial review of legislation is profuse. But differences are often due to the lack of a common methodology. This article discusses the proper way to evaluate judicial review and confronts central challenges raised against it. It develops the two main models that can be used for analyzing the intersection between democracy and constitutional decision-making and shows that judicial oversight may not be rejected, regardless of how we interpret that connection. The article discusses in detail the model developed (...) by Jeremy Waldron. A nice attempt to answer methodological questions, Waldron's model wrongly tips the balance against judicial review. Its excessive level of abstraction and idealization renders it inoperable. Few systems meet its standards, and those that do pay a high price: they contradict the concept of democratic legitimacy that underlies the model. Paradoxically, a system with judicial review may end up being more legitimate than one without it. (shrink)

A partir de un estudio longitudinal sobre cultura política en chilenos, discutimos la paradojal evidencia encontrada en la literatura que plantea que, por un lado, las actitudes políticas más pro-democráticas y anti-autoritarias se observarían en sectores sociales acomodados y, por otro lado, las actitudes más pro-conservadoras y anti-igualitaristas se observarían en grupos sociales dominantes. Nuestros datos muestran que el patrón de actitudes políticas (autoritarismo, apoyo a la democracia, conservadurismo y nacionalismo) es similar entre personas de derecha de estrato alto, izquierda (...) de estrato bajo, y centro de estrato medio. En cambio, quienes manifiestan una orientación política incongruente con su condición socioeconómica presentan actitudes políticas diferenciadas del patrón predominante. Concluimos que la paradoja puede resolverse explicando el patrón de actitudes políticas de un grupo en función del (des)ajuste de la orientación política a sus condiciones socioeconómicas. (shrink)

Enlightening and entertaining, _Philosophical Tales_ examines a few of the fascinating biographical details of history’s greatest philosophers and highlights their contributions to the field. By applying the true philosophical approach to philosophy itself, the text provides us with a refreshing 'alternative history' of philosophy. Opens up new philosophical debate by applying the true philosophical approach to philosophy itself Provides summaries of the most celebrated and philosophically interesting tales, their backgrounds, and assessments of the leading players Explores philosophers and schools of (...) thought in one key philosophical text to supply a solid grounding in philosophical ideas and individuals Shakes some of the foundations of philosophy with the aim of encouraging the reinvigoration of philosophy itself. (shrink)

El propósito de este artículo es mostrar la historicidad del modelo de Estado nacional, las implicaciones que de su desnaturalización extrae el laissez-faire liberal y su repercusión a escala local. Para ello se recorrerá el proceso de identificación de lo estatal y lo nacional y su función política y culturalmente ideológica, tomando como paradigma el modelo que Carl Schmitt elaboró a partir de la crisis del parlamentarismo en el II Reich. Posteriormente, se detallará la actual crisis de dicha identificación y (...) la progresiva acumulación de competencias por parte de instituciones de carácter transnacional. La relocalización internacional de la producción y la movilidad del conocimiento en la sociedad de la información ilustran hasta qué punto han quedado desfasadas las barreras nacionales. Se produce entonces un incremento espectacular de la presión sobre las políticas locales, obligadas a mejorar la oferta y la promoción urbanas para resultar competitivas en el mercado liberal. Y ello promoviendo la riqueza de proyectos con los que atraer el capital privado. Desde esta perspectiva podrá calibrarse hasta qué punto descansa el Fórum sobre una contradicción performativa entre su planteamiento público y el proyecto urbanístico, turístico y cognitivo que representa. (shrink)

Un análisis ameno e inteligente sobre los testimonios de los grandes pensadores del progreso: E. Fromm, F. Nietzsche, K. Popper, E. Morin, C.G. Jung, M. Ferguson, A. Finkielkraut, Ortega y Gasset, entre otros.

Hospitales y obras equivale a hablar de una misma realidad. Todos los hospitales conviven habitualmente en una mayor o menor medida con obras en sus instalaciones y éstas representan una parte más de las situaciones que requieren una adecuada gestión y manejo por parte de los gestores sanitarios y de todos los trabajadores implicados. A lo largo de las próximas reflexiones intentaremos abordar las principales problemáticas a las que nos enfrentamos con la presencia de obras en nuestros centros y nuestra (...) visión sobre alternativas o planteamientos a realizar que permitan adecuar las dos partes de la cuestión, el funcionamiento del hospital y el respeto al cronograma de las obras.…. (shrink)

This fourth volume of the Programme “The Philosophy of Science in a European Perspective” deals with new challenges in this field. In this regard, it seeks to broaden the scope of the philosophy of science in two directions. On the one hand, ...

Después de 40 años tras la revolución kuhniana en filosofía de la ciencia es clara la necesidad de un estudio interdisciplinar de la ciencia. Pero no se ve que sea posible el que la filosofía tenga algo que decir en tal marco interdisciplinar de análisis empírico. La tendencia general a la naturalización parece dejar fuera de juego a una disciplina, la filosofía, cuyo tradicional estilo normativo es muy difícil de asimilar. Con todo, la polémica continúa. En estas páginas se recoge, (...) entre algunos otros problemas, el enfrentamiento contemporáneo entre el racionalismo filosófico y el relativismo en la comprensión de la naturaleza de la ciencia. (shrink)

This paper makes an assessment of a number of texts (classics) dealing with the debate on intellectual history, as well as the discussion about the being and must be of intellectuals. The idea is to demonstrate the relevance of this debate, as well as of its endless discussion, its trajectory in other disciplines and the need for more dialogue between those who practice them.

Durante las décadas de 1940 y 1950 las empresas petroleras extranjeras que operaban en Venezuela editaron publicaciones institucionales como herramientas clave para el manejo de las relaciones públicas y laborales tanto con sus empleados como con la comunidad. Entre otras secciones, éstas prestaron ..

La crisis ambiental está en el centro de la crisis económica y social que tenemos y, en consecuencia, los próximos cambios que vamos a vivir estarán marcados fundamentalmente por nuestras formas de relacionarnos con el entorno. De ahí surge la necesidad de concebir la sostenibilidad como bien común desde la perspectiva de nuestra dependencia de la naturaleza y la necesidad de preservarla, y desde las limitaciones de la gestión privada.

The aim of this paper is to explore some trans and feminist concerns about the gendered aspects of languages beyond English, focusing in particular on Spanish, Italian, and German. Historically, discussions about gendered language have often challenged the ways in which language can make women (in)visible by addressing the implicit and explicit androcentrism and sexism in our language. We call this the visibility project. Recently, questions surrounding trans-inclusiveness and the possibility of avoiding gender markers altogether have become more prominent, often (...) highlighting the issue of pronouns (e.g. the singular "they*). We call this the gender-neutrality project. However, anglophone philosophy offers a very limited discussion on how either gender-neutrality or visibility strategies could be applied to languages more gendered than English. To address this, we start by showing how gender expresses itself in the grammatical structure of our three sample languages, and identifying some of the specific visibility and neutrality strategies that could be (or are already) applied to them. This leads us to articulate an "innovative project which constructs nuanced and novel ways to transform gendered grammatical structures. Depending on their application, these strategies can fulfil gender-neutrality goals in some cases and visibility goals in others. This highlights, among other things, the ways in which genderqueer people have attempted to shape their linguistic resources in different linguistic contexts, while also opening up avenues for new research when it comes to discussions of gender and language. (shrink)

The classic pejorative designation of populism currently coexists with its recent vindication. From certain left-wing political and intellectual circles, the revival of this category is part of a strategy aimed at bringing together unsatisfied demands in an emancipatory key. In line with Ernesto Laclau's theory, one of the paradigmatic examples of this tendency is Chantal Mouffe's left-populist proposal. Different critical approaches object that, in the eagerness to deepen and to radicalise democracy, these impulses often challenge its limits and flirt with (...) political logics that could completely blur them. Thus, the feasibility of this emancipatory strategy seems to be tied to the ever-problematic compatibility between populism and democracy, especially to its possible normative and institutional modulations. This article will argue that the populist conception projected by Mouffe is relatively autonomous from Laclau's, and that, unlike Laclau's, it has its own prospects of agonism and civicrepublicanism that can make room for the institutional dimension and the normativity constitutive of the liberal democratic order. (shrink)